Books: 'Bogs, Baths and Basins: the story of domestic sanitation'

'Bogs, Baths and Basins: the story of domestic sanitation', David Eveleigh (2006)

If you asked most people to sum up the history of the toilet they would probably suggest something along the lines of 'people used to use chamberpots and then Thomas Crapper came along and we've been flushing ever since'. Eveleigh's entertaining but comprehensive history of domestic sanitation aims to show how there was rather more to it than this; Crapper was one of many ingenious inventors seeking to improve water closets, and there were many more forms forms of waste disposal than just a pot under the bed. I had no idea that in the Midlands the dry ash privy was widely used for many years, owing to the ready availability of cinder ash. I was equally ignorant of the detailed history of the flush toilet, which took a very long time to reach its current form. Flush lavatories were developed in the late eighteenth century, but for many years used a mechanical action to tip a pan into a drain, leading to complex and hard-to-clean mechanisms. The quest for an effective syphonic flush was a long one and success was clearly much striven-for; apparently the 1884 International Health Exhibition awarded a gold medal to a toilet that '...successfully disposed of ten apples, a flat sponge and four pieces of sanitary paper stuck to the sides with plumbers' smudge'. Informative and prosfusely illustrated (lots of Victorian engravings of plumbing technology for those who like such things) it is, er, excellent toilet reading...

John Christopher 1922-2012

It has been reported that Sam Youd, who wrote sf as John Christopher, died last night at the age of 89. The report is via a comment on the Talk page of his Wikipedia entry as is not confirmed elsewhere as yet.

If true, this is not unexpected (he had apparently been ill for some time) but it still a very sad loss. John Christopher was one of the writers who had most impact on me as a young reader and the Tripods trilogy made a deep impression on me. I seem to recall he was one of the early London fandom group; was he the last survivor?

EDIT Via ffutures, now confirmed by David Langford.